To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

The circuit has been constructed to provide an in-circuit system that will test the integrity of electronic components such as Silicon Controlled Rectifiers, diodes, and PNP or NPN transistors. 4093 – ...

Designing automotive electronics presents numerous technical challenges, including the need to protect against electrical hazards under the hood and in the cabin. The three major sources of electrical ...