Relays are electromechanical devices that use a magnetic solenoid to actual a switch. When current is passed through the solenoid coil, it produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field is strengthened ...

The objective of protective relays and protective schemes is to protect electrical equipment such as transformers, lines, cables, bus bars, etc. during abnormal system conditions. Hence, protective ...

Testing verifies that protection schemes meet their intended purpose, ensuring safety and system integrity. Function testing involves manual or electrical manipulation of components to confirm signal ...