Recent advances in noninvasive cardiac output measurement techniques have greatly enhanced the ability to monitor haemodynamics in paediatric patients with minimal risk. These methodologies, which ...

Blood pressure is routinely monitored in neonatal units. Clinicians rely on its absolute value to guide therapy and the prescription of volume expanders and inotropes. However, systemic blood pressure ...

Cardiac output is the overall amount of blood flow that the heart pumps forward. The standard unit to express the cardiac mL/min or cc/min. The cardiac output is calculated by taking the stroke volume ...