The risk and benefit of both standard surgical therapy and endoscopic therapy was explained to the patient and her family. They decided on no therapy. Hypopharyngeal or pharyngo-esophageal ...

She couldn’t stomach it anymore. Natalie Bickel, from Indiana, has a rare condition called retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction, also known as no-burp syndrome, meaning that she has spent years ...

The following laboratory tests were unremarkable: blood count, electrolytes, glucose, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, liver function, coagulation studies, thyroid function, vitamin B 12, A1c, ...