THE known spectrum of the neutral oxygen molecule consists of two well-known band systems, both of which occur in absorption, and arise from the normal state of the molecule. One of these systems, ...

For all its possibilities, nature tends to replay one particular scene over and over again: the confrontation between matter and light. It stages the scene in a practically infinite number of ways, ...

Valence Electron Examples: Valence electrons play an important role in the field of chemistry, affecting how atoms interact and bond with each other. These outermost electrons are responsible for ...