Fluoroscopic Guided Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection – Technique and Overview - The Procedure Guide

Video: Stereotaxic Surgical Approach to Microinject the Caudal Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord via the Cisterna Magna in Mice

Using the Caudal Vena Cava to Guide Fluids: Assessment of caudal vena cava via the diaphragmatic hepatic view is useful tool for assessing the volume status of a patient. This is particularly helpful for those hypotensive patients that you are uncertain if they need more volume or need vasopressor agents (or other management). With regards to “more volume” this could be crystalloids, colloids or blood products, this depends on the patient. How to find it: - Place the probe under the xiphoid proc